257. VMA

Vector moving average

i.e.,

Each component is a linear combination of past shocks across all series.

Parameters: ( each), (), ()
Orders: , (series)

Example:

Given

  • Order: ,
  • Coefficient matrix:

  • Intercept:
  • Initial innovation:
  • Two series stacked into :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
12 10 8 11 14 12 9 13 16 14 11 15 18 16 13 17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 9 7 6 10 11 9 8 12 13 11 10 14 15 13 12

Step 1 — formula

Substitute into the VMA recursion:

Forecast (set ):

Componentwise:

Innovation:

Step 2 — apply at

Plug in , , :

Step 3 — iterate

Each row uses the previous innovation . Values rounded to 4 decimal places at every step (computation continues from the rounded value).

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