361. Cheatsheet

Chart Tracks Data
Typse
Sample
Size
Statistical
Basis
Use
Case
c Number of defects per unit Count (discrete) Fixed Poisson When you count defects per inspection unit (e.g., scratches, cracks) and sample size is constant
u Number of defects per unit (standardized) Count per unit (continuous) Variable Poisson Same as c-chart but for variable sample sizes (defects per unit area, time, etc.)
np Number of defective units Count (discrete) Fixed Binomial Each item is either defective or not; count how many items fail inspection
p Proportion of defective units Proportion (0-1) Variable Binomial Same as np-chart but with variable sample size — tracks percentage defective
Mean of continuous variable Continuous Grouped samples Normal Monitors process average (e.g., length, weight, temperature) over time
R Range of values in a sample Continuous Grouped samples Range distribution (based on Normal) Used with x̄-chart to monitor variation in process (spread)