| One-Sample t-Test |
Compare sample mean to a known value |
Normality of the sample distribution |
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test |
Compare median of a sample to a known value |
Distribution-free; does not assume normality |
| Independent t-Test |
Compare means between two independent groups |
Normality, equal variances in groups |
Mann-Whitney U Test |
Compare distributions between two independent groups |
Distribution-free; does not assume normality or equal variances |
| Paired t-Test |
Compare means between two related groups |
Normality of the difference scores |
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test |
Compare the median of paired differences |
Distribution-free; does not assume normality |
| Two-Sample t-Test |
Compare means between two independent groups |
Normality, equal variances in groups |
Mann-Whitney U Test |
Compare distributions between two independent groups |
Distribution-free; does not assume normality or equal variances |
| One-Way ANOVA |
Compare means across three or more groups |
Normality, equal variances among groups |
Kruskal-Wallis Test |
Compare distributions across three or more independent groups |
Distribution-free; does not assume normality or equal variances |
| Repeated Measures ANOVA |
Compare means across multiple related groups |
Normality, sphericity (equal variances of differences) |
Friedman Test |
Compare distributions across multiple related groups |
Distribution-free; does not assume normality |
| ANCOVA |
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